PMC

Analysis of the locating accuracy. a Locating errors are defined between the real position and the locating position. They are distributed in the square. The errors in some positions are zero because the rat didn’t go through these places in its random exploration. b Average locating errors of all the explored positions are obtained from 100 experiments with standard deviations. c Average locating errors versus the firing threshold and the number of cells

Locating PES as an incentive-based mechanism within a broader suite of environmental policy instruments.

a Experimental environment and design. A rat is randomly placed in a square environment with the task of finding the goal marked by “asterisks”. The rat running in the square can only estimate the distances to borders W, S, E and N. These distances are sensory inputs to its neural system. b Locating and navigation neural network structure. System receives the sensory inputs to neurons by learning environmental cues. Locating and navigation are determined by the interaction between place cells and grid cells. Results will be output to motor neurons, which are used to complete the goal searching task. c A simply feedforward fully-connected neural network

Genomic organization of chemokine miniclusters. Four miniclusters locating on different chromosomes are shown.